Trigonometric Functions

These functions are affected by the calculator's angle mode; angles may be expressed in degrees, radians, grads or cycles.

• abs
  Calculates the absolute value r of two values x and y, as indicated by the illustration below.
  

Absolute Value

When complex numbers are enabled, this function accepts a single complex value of the form of abs(x + yi). When complex numbers are disabled, it accepts two separate values either side of the function, in the form of (x) abs (y).

When used in the Function Grapher, it returns a positive number given a single real value.

• arg
  Calculates the argument a of two values x and y, as indicated by the illustration below.
  

Argument

The arg function result is the counterclockwise angle from the positive x axis to the ray from the origin through the point (x, y). It is defined unless both x and y are 0. The results range from -Π to +Π when expressed in radians.

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When complex numbers are enabled, this function accepts a single complex value of the form of arg(x + yi). When complex numbers are disabled, it accepts two separate values either side of the function in the form (x) arg (y).

The resulting value will be in units specified the calculator's angle mode.

• cos
  Cosine. Accepts a single value input.
• cos-1
  Arc-cosine; the reverse operation of calculating the cosine. Accepts a single value input.
• cosh
  Hyperbolic cosine. Press [hyp] prior to pressing [cos].
• cosh-1
  Hyperbolic arc-cosine; the reverse of the hyperbolic cosine.
• hyp
  Hyperbolic shift key--allows input of hyperbolic variations of sin, cos, tan, sin-1, cos-1 and tan-1.
• P⇒R
  Converts polar coordinates to rectangular coordinates, where the input is expressed in terms of angle and radius. The input angle should be expressed in the units specified by the calculator's angle mode.

When complex numbers are enabled, this function accepts a single complex input in the form of P⇒R(r + ai) and returns a complex result in the form of (x + yi). Additionally, the x (real) component is placed in the rx memory register, and the y (imaginary) component is stored in ay.

Polar & Rectangular

Complex Example:

[P⇒R] 72 [;] 1.2 (radians)
[ENTER]
Displays: 26.0897583223204976 + 67.1068141896402972i

If complex numbers are disabled, two values are accepted separately, in the the form of (r) P⇒R (a), and only the x result is returned directly. The calculated y value can be retrieved by recalling it from the ay memory register.

Real Number Example:

72 [P⇒R] 1.2 (radians)
[ENTER]
Displays: 26.0897583223204976
[RCL] [ay]
Displays: 67.1068141896402972

R⇒P

Converts rectangular coordinates to polar coordinates, where the result is expressed in terms of angle and radius. The resulting angle will be in units specified the calculator's angle mode. This function is the reverse operation of P⇒R.

Polar & Rectangular

When complex numbers are enabled, this function accepts a single complex input in the form of R⇒P(x + yi) and returns a complex result in the form of (r + ai). Additionally, the radius (real) component is placed in the rx memory register, and the angle (imaginary) component is stored in ay.

If complex numbers are disabled, two values are accepted separately, in the the form of (x) R⇒P (y), and only the radius r result is returned directly. The calculated angle value can be retrieved by recalling it from the ay memory register.

• sin
  Sine. Accepts a single value input.

For example:

[sin] 0.7
[ENTER]
Displays: 0.64421768723769105 (radians)

• sin-1
  Arc-sine; the reverse operation of calculating the sine. Accepts a single value input.
• sinh
  Hyperbolic sine. Press [hyp] prior to pressing [sin].

For example:

[hyp] [sin] 0.7
[ENTER]
Displays: 0.7585837018395335 (radians)

• sinh-1
  Hyperbolic arc-sine; the reverse of the hyperbolic sine.
• tan
  Tangent. Accepts a single value input.
• tan-1
  Arc-tangent; the reverse operation of calculating the tanget. Accepts a single value input.
• tanh
  Hyperbolic tangent. Press [hyp] prior to pressing [tan].
• tanh-1
  Hyperbolic arc-tangent; the reverse of the hyperbolic tangent.