Key Math Functions

• ° ' ''
  DMS (degrees, minutes, seconds) conversion key.
• ^
  Raise to any power. This function accepts two values.

To calculate 5^3, enter:

5 [^] 3
[ENTER]
Displays: 125

Complex numbers maybe used or returned. For example:

-27 [^] 0.7
[ENTER]
Displays: -5.9043666729509497 + 8.12666354048222156i

• +/(-)
  Changes the sign of the input value. In prefix algebraic mode, this key primarily acts as a (-) minus sign. i.e. to enter -5, you would press:

[+/(-)] 5

In other modes, it is a sign toggle and can be pressed to reverse the sign of the display value.

• +
  Addition operator.
• -
  Subtraction operator.
• ×
  Multiplication operator.
• ÷
  Division operator.
• 10x
  Raise 10 to the power of x. This is the reverse of log10.
• a b/c
  Natural fraction conversion key. When you press the [a b/c] key, the result of a previous calculation will be shown as a natural (or common) fraction. The natural fraction form will also be shown if you input a decimal point.

Example: Show Π as a fraction.

[CONST] Π [a b/c]
Displays: 3 + 16/113 (aprx)

The 'aprx' indication signifies that the fraction cannot be represented precisely, and it is thus an approximate conversion. You can modify the precision of fraction conversions by changing the 'Max Denominator' setting in the Options Window.

The [a b/c] key may also be used to input values in common fraction form. Pressing it again will show the result of the reduction.

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Example: Reduce 1 + 8/6.

1 [a b/c] 8 [a b/c] 6 (input fraction)
[ENTER] (convert to decimal*)
Displays: 2.333333...

[a b/c] (press again to convert decimal)
Displays: 2 + 1/3

*It was not was not strictly necessary to press [ENTER] here, but it demonstrates the conversion to decimal.

• d/c
  Improper fraction key. Shows the current value as an improper fraction.
• ENG
  Engineering key. The [ENG] key provides a convenient way to view values in engineering form, without having to enable the dedicated engineering mode. Simply press [ENG] any time.

Example:

564000000
[ENG]
Displays: 564E6 (Mega)

Press [ENG] multiple times to decrement the exponent by 3, or use with [SHIFT] to increment by 3.

• exp (ex)
  Raise the natural number e to the power of x. This is the reverse of ln.
• ln
  Calculate the natural logarithm of the input value. This function is the reverse of ex.
• log10
  Calculate the base 10 logarithm of the input value. This function is the reverse of 10x.
• logB
  Calculates the logarithm in any base. This function accepts two inputs in the form (base) logB (x).

For example, to calculate the base 3 logarithm of 129, key in:

3 [logB] 27
[ENTER]
Displays: 4.42359188449767959

• n√x
  Calculate the nth root of x, where n is always entered first.

For example, To calculate the 3rd root of 9, enter:

3 [n√x] 9
[ENTER]
Displays: 2.08008382305190411

This is equivalent to the following input, which maybe prefered by some users:

9 [^] 3 [x-¹]
[ENTER]
Displays: 2.08008382305190411

• POLY
  Initiates the calculator's Polynomial Solver.
• √
  Calculate the square root.
• x!
  Calculate the factorial of x, where x is a positive integer.

Example:

5 [x!]
Displays: 120

• x-1
  Return the inverse of x, or 1 divided by the display value.

Example:

3 [x-¹]
Displays: 0.33333333333333333

• x2
  Calculate x squared, or the result when the display value is multiplied by itself.